Recognizing Signs of Heat Illnesses

Heat-related illnesses can escalate quickly if not recognized and treated promptly. Understanding the signs and symptoms of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke is crucial for ensuring workplace safety. This guide will help you identify these conditions and respond effectively. 

Heat Cramps

Signs and Symptoms: 

• Muscle cramps or spasms, often in the legs or abdomen 

• Heavy sweating during or after intense physical activity 

• Normal body temperature 

What to Do:

• Stop all activity and sit quietly in a cool place. 

• Drink clear juice or an electrolyte solution. 

• Stretch and gently massage the affected muscles. 

• Avoid strenuous activity for a few hours after the cramps subside. 

Heat Exhaustion

Signs and Symptoms:

• Heavy sweating 

• Weakness or fatigue 

• Dizziness or confusion 

• Headache 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Pale, cool, and moist skin 

• Muscle cramps 

• Rapid, weak pulse 

• Fainting 

What to Do:

• Move the person to a cooler environment (shade or air-conditioning). 

• Lay the person down and elevate their legs slightly. 

• Remove excess clothing. 

• Apply cool, wet cloths or use a fan. 

• Give sips of cool water or a sports drink. Avoid caffeinated or alcoholic beverages. 

• If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention immediately. 

Heat Stroke

A severe, life-threatening condition where the body's temperature regulation fails, resulting in a dangerously high body temperature. 

Signs and Symptoms: 

• High body temperature (above 103°F or 39.4°C) 

• Hot, red, dry, or damp skin 

• Rapid, strong pulse 

• Throbbing headache 

• Dizziness or confusion 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Loss of consciousness 

• Seizures 

What to Do:

• Call emergency services immediately 

• Move the person to a cooler place. 

• Lower the person's body temperature using cool cloths, ice packs, etc. 

• Do not give the person anything to drink. 

• Monitor the person and continue cooling efforts until help arrives